Begin persistent storage implementation

Most of the logic in the `init-storage` script is the same as it was in
Aimee OS v1 (Gentoo).  The major difference is now we are initializing
the data volume in the initramfs instead of in the real OS.  This allows
us to make all of `/etc` writable via OverlayFS, instead of having only
certain sub-directories writable via bind-mounts.

Buildroot doesn't really have any tools for building an initramfs,
unfortunately.  It does have a bit of infrastructure for running
`dracut`, but I'd really rather avoid having that much complexity in the
initramfs; all we need is to run the `init-storage` script and then
switch root.  Instead, the `mkinitramfs.sh` script, called in the
post-build stage, creates the CPIO archive from files in the target
directory.  The only particularly interesting bit is how it resolves
shared library dependencies, to make sure the appropriate resources are
available for the requisite commands.

I briefly considered building a statically-linked BusyBox just for the
initramfs.  Since it doesn't provide several important tools like
`btrfs`/`mkfs.btrfs`, I had to implement the dynamic link resolution
function anyway.  It made sense, then, to copy Dash and the necessary
Coreutils binaries themselves.

boot/grub2/gen-grub-cfg.sh

@@ -9,5 +9,6 @@ cat > "${TARGET_DIR}"/boot/grub.cfg <<EOF
 menuentry "Aimee OS ${vers} (Buildroot ${br2_vers}) on \$dev" --class gnu-linux --id "id-\$partuuid" "\$dev" "\$partuuid" {
     set root="\$2"
     linux "/boot/${kernel_filename}" root=PARTUUID=\$3 ro \$rootflags
+    initrd "/boot/initramfs.img.zst"
 }
 EOF

boot/initramfs/init-storage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 sts=4 et :
+
+SUBVOLUMES='
+    /var
+    /var/log
+    /var/tmp
+    /etc
+'
+
+cleanup() {
+    if [ -n "${tmpdir}" ] && [ "${tmpdir}" != / ]; then
+        if mountpoint -q "${tmpdir}"; then
+            umount "${tmpdir}"
+        fi
+        rm -rf "${tmpdir}"
+        unset tmpdir
+    fi
+}
+
+copy_vol() {
+    dev="$1"
+    vol=$2
+
+    printf 'Copying %s contents to data volume\n' "${vol}" >&2
+    mount -o subvol="${vol#/}" "${dev}" "${tmpdir}" || exit
+    cp -au${VERBOSE+v} /sysroot/${vol#/}/. "${tmpdir}" || exit
+    umount "${tmpdir}"
+}
+
+format_dev() {
+    dev="$1"
+    partno=$(partition_number "${dev}")
+    if [ -n "${partno}" ]; then
+        disk="$(get_disk "${dev}")"
+        if [ -n "${disk}" ]; then
+            printf 'Resizing partition %d on disk %s\n' \
+                "${partno}" \
+                "${disk}" \
+                >&2
+            resize_partition "${disk}" "${partno}"
+        else
+            printf 'Could not find disk for device %s\n' \
+                "${dev}" \
+                >&2
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    printf 'Creating BTRFS filesystem on %s\n' "${dev}" >&2
+    mkfs.btrfs --quiet "${dev}" || exit
+
+    mount "${dev}" "${tmpdir}" || exit
+    for vol in ${SUBVOLUMES}; do
+        mkdir -p "${tmpdir}${vol%/*}" || exit
+        btrfs subvolume create "${tmpdir}${vol}" || exit
+    done
+    relabel_all
+    umount "${dev}" || exit
+}
+
+get_disk() {
+    _syspath=/sys/class/block/${1##*/}
+    [ -d "${_syspath}" ] || return 1
+    if [ ! -f "${_syspath}"/partition ]; then
+        readlink -f "${1}"
+        return $?
+    fi
+    _disk=$(readlink -f "${_syspath}"/..)
+    if [ -n "${_disk}" ]; then
+        printf '/dev/%s\n' "${_disk##*/}"
+        return 0
+    fi
+    return 1
+}
+
+has_fs() {
+    dev="$1"
+    fstype=$(blkid -o value -s TYPE "${dev}")
+    [ -n "${fstype}" ]
+}
+
+last_partition() {
+    cat /sys/class/block/"${1##*/}"/*/partition \
+        | sort -n \
+        | tail -n1
+}
+
+partition_number() {
+    cat /sys/class/block/${1##*/}/partition
+}
+
+relabel_all() {
+    if [ ! -d /sys/fs/selinux ] || [ ! -f /etc/selinux/config ]; then
+        return
+    fi
+    selinuxtype=$(. /etc/selinux/config && echo ${SELINUXTYPE})
+    find "${tmpdir}" | \
+    setfiles \
+        -v \
+        -F \
+        -m \
+        -r "${tmpdir}" \
+        -s \
+        /etc/selinux/${selinuxtype}/contexts/files/file_contexts
+}
+
+resize_partition() {
+    _disk="${1}"
+    _part="${2}"
+    _lastpart=$(last_partition "${_disk}")
+    if [ "${_part}" -ne "${_lastpart}" ]; then
+        printf 'Cannot resize %s, it is not the last partition on the disk\n' \
+            "${_dev}" \
+            >&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+    _uuid=$(sfdisk --part-uuid "${_disk}" "${_part}") || return $?
+    _type=$(sfdisk --part-type "${_disk}" "${_part}") || return $?
+    _label=$(sfdisk --part-label "${_disk}" "${_part}") || return $?
+    sfdisk --delete "${_disk}" "${_part}" || return $?
+    printf 'type=%s, uuid=%s, name="%s"\n' \
+        "${_type}" \
+        "${_uuid}" \
+        "${_label}" \
+        | sfdisk -N "${_part}" "${_disk}" --quiet --force \
+        || return $?
+    partx -u "${_disk}"
+}
+
+setup_etc() {
+    dev="$1"
+
+    echo 'Initializing /etc overlay' >&2
+    mkdir -p /run/aimeeos/etc || return
+    mount -o subvol=etc "${dev}" /run/aimeeos/etc || return
+    mkdir -p /run/aimeeos/etc/rw /run/aimeeos/etc/work || return
+    mount -t overlay \
+        -o lowerdir=/sysroot/etc,upperdir=/run/aimeeos/etc/rw,workdir=/run/aimeeos/etc/work \
+        overlay \
+        /sysroot/etc
+}
+
+rootdev=$(findfs "$1")
+datapart=$(findfs "${2:-PARTLABEL=aimeeos-data}")
+if [ -b "${datapart}" ]; then
+    printf 'Found data partition: %s\n' "${datapart}" >&2
+else
+    echo 'Could not identify data partition' >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+trap cleanup INT TERM QUIT EXIT
+tmpdir=/run/storinit
+mkdir -p "${tmpdir}"
+
+if ! has_fs "${datapart}"; then
+    format_dev "${datapart}"
+fi
+
+mkdir -p /sysroot
+mount -o ro "${rootdev}" /sysroot || exit
+
+setup_etc "${datapart}"
+copy_vol "${datapart}" /var
+exit 0

boot/initramfs/initramfs-init.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+mkdir -p \
+    /dev \
+    /proc \
+    /run \
+    /sys \
+    /sysroot \
+    && :
+
+mount -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev
+mount -t proc proc /proc
+mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
+mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /run
+
+set -- $(cat /proc/cmdline)
+for arg; do
+    case "${arg}" in
+    root=*)
+        root=${arg#root=}
+        ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+init-storage "${root}"
+
+exec switch_root /sysroot /sbin/init

boot/mkinitramfs.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ $(id -u) != 0 ]; then
+    exec "${HOST_DIR}"/bin/fakeroot "$0" "$@"
+fi
+
+export PATH="${HOST_DIR}:${PATH}"
+
+TARGET_DIR=$1
+WORKDIR=$(mktemp -d)
+OUTDIR="${WORKDIR}"/initramfs
+LIB_CACHE="${WORKDIR}"/libs.cache
+PKGDIR="${0%/*}"
+
+trap 'rm -rf "${WORKDIR}"' INT QUIT TERM EXIT
+
+cache_libs() {
+    find \
+        "${TARGET_DIR}"/usr/lib \
+        "${TARGET_DIR}"/usr/lib64 \
+        \( -type f -o -type l \) \
+        -name '*.so*' \
+        | sed "s@${TARGET_DIR}@@" \
+        > "${LIB_CACHE}"
+}
+
+bin_install() {
+    for arg; do
+        arg=${arg#/}
+        [ -e "${OUTDIR}/${arg}" ] && continue
+        mkdir -p "${OUTDIR}/${arg%/*}"
+        cp -a "${TARGET_DIR}/${arg}" "${OUTDIR}/${arg}"
+        if [ -h "${TARGET_DIR}/${arg}" ]; then
+            bin_install "$(realpath --relative-to "${TARGET_DIR}" "${TARGET_DIR}/${arg}")"
+        elif [ -f "${TARGET_DIR}/${arg}" ]; then
+            readelf --dynamic "${TARGET_DIR}/${arg}" \
+                | awk '$2=="(NEEDED)"{gsub(/\[|\]/,"",$5); print $5}' \
+                | while IFS= read -r lib; do
+                    path="$(grep "${lib}"'$' "${LIB_CACHE}")"
+                    if [ -z "${path}" ]; then
+                        printf 'ERROR could not resolve shared library %s\n' "${lib}" >&2
+                        return 1
+                    fi
+                    bin_install "${path}"
+            done
+        elif [ ! -e "${TARGET_DIR}/${arg}" ]; then
+            printf 'ERROR could not find /%s to copy\n' "${arg}" >&2
+            return 1
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+mk_skel() {
+    mkdir -p "${OUTDIR}"/dev
+    mknod -m 0622 "${OUTDIR}"/dev/console c 5 1
+
+    mkdir -p \
+        "${OUTDIR}"/usr \
+        "${OUTDIR}"/usr/bin \
+        "${OUTDIR}"/usr/sbin \
+        "${OUTDIR}"/usr/lib
+    ln -s usr/bin "${OUTDIR}"/bin
+    ln -s usr/sbin "${OUTDIR}"/sbin
+    ln -s usr/lib "${OUTDIR}"/lib
+    if [ -h "${TARGET_DIR}"/usr/lib64 ]; then
+        cp -P "${TARGET_DIR}"/usr/lib64 "${OUTDIR}"/usr
+    fi
+    if [ -h "${TARGET_DIR}"/lib64 ]; then
+        cp -P "${TARGET_DIR}"/lib64 "${OUTDIR}"
+    fi
+}
+
+rm -rf "${OUTDIR}"
+
+mk_skel || exit
+cache_libs || exit
+
+bin_install \
+    /bin/cat \
+    /bin/cp \
+    /bin/ls \
+    /bin/mkdir \
+    /bin/mount \
+    /bin/rm \
+    /bin/sh \
+    /bin/sort \
+    /bin/tail \
+    /bin/umount \
+    /usr/bin/btrfs \
+    /usr/bin/mkfs.btrfs \
+    /usr/bin/mountpoint \
+    /usr/bin/readlink \
+    /usr/sbin/blkid \
+    /usr/sbin/findfs \
+    /usr/sbin/partx \
+    /usr/sbin/sfdisk \
+    /usr/sbin/switch_root \
+    || exit
+
+if [ -e "${TARGET_DIR}"/usr/bin/setfiles ]; then
+    bin_install /usr/bin/setfiles || exit
+fi
+
+install "${PKGDIR}"/initramfs/initramfs-init.sh "${OUTDIR}"/init || exit
+install "${PKGDIR}"/initramfs/init-storage.sh "${OUTDIR}"/usr/bin/init-storage || exit
+
+mkdir -p "${TARGET_DIR}"/boot
+
+(cd "${OUTDIR}" && find . -mindepth 1 \
+    | LC_ALL=C sort \
+    | cpio --reproducible --quiet -o -H newc \
+    | zstd \
+) > "${TARGET_DIR}"/boot/initramfs.img.zst