BIND response policy zones (RPZ) support provides a mechanism for
overriding the responses to DNS queries based on a wide range of
criteria. In the simplest form, a response policy zone can be used to
provide different responses to different clients, or "block" some DNS
names.
For the Pyrocufflink and related networks, I plan to use an RPZ to
implement ad/tracker blocking. The goal will be to generate an RPZ
definition from a collection of host lists (e.g. those used by uBlock
Origin) periodically.
This commit introduces basic support for RPZ configuration in the
*named* role. It can be activated by providing a list of "response
policy" definitions (e.g. `zone "name"`) in the `named_response_policy`
variable, and defining the corresponding zones in `named_zones`.
The TCP ports 80 and 443 are NAT-forwarded by the gateway to 172.30.0.6.
This address was originally occupied by *rprx0.pyrocufflink.blue*, which
operated a reverse proxy for Bitwarden, Gitea, Jenkins, Nextcloud,
OpenVPN, and the public web sites. Now, *web0.pyrocufflink.blue* is
configured to proxy for those services that it does not directly host
itself, effectively making it a web server, a reverse proxy, and a
forward proxy (for OpenVPN only). Thus, it must take over this address
in order to receive forwarded traffic from the Internet.
This commit updates the configuration for *pyrocufflink.net* to use the
wildcard certificate managed by *lego* instead of an unique certificate
managed by *certbot*.
*chmod777.sh* is a simple static website, generated by Hugo. It is
built and published from a Jenkins pipeline, which runs automatically
when new commits are pushed to Gitea.
The HTTPS certificate for this site is signed by Let's Encrypt and
managed by `lego` in the `certs` submodule.
The *nextcloud* role installs Nextcloud from the specified release
archive, downloading it to the control machine first if necessary, and
configures Apache and PHP-FPM to serve it.
The `nextcloud.yml` playbook uses the *cert* role to install the X.509
certificate for the Nextcloud server, sets up Apache HTTPD with the
*apache* role, and installs Nextcloud using the *nextcloud* role.
The host *cloud0.pyrocufflink.blue* is the Nextcloud server for
Pyrocufflink.
*burp1.pyrocufflink.blue* will replace *burp0.pyrocufflink.blue* as the
BURP server for Pyrocufflink. It is a physical machine (Fitlet), making
it simpler to manage the USB drives. The old virtual machine will be
decommissioned soon.
Using the generic *burp.pyrocufflink.blue* name will allow easier
transition to a new BURP server. However, since this is not the actual
name, it cannot be used for task delegation, so a separate variable is
required to store the real name of the BURP server. This is only used
during client deployment, and not by BURP itself.
In order to allow Jenkins to connect to the Docker daemon socket, the
socket must be owned by the *docker* group, and the *jenkins* user must
be a member of it.
*serial0.pyrocufflink.blue* has a manually-configured IP address now, to
ensure it always has an addresss, even if the DHCP server is
unavailable. Recording it here to ensure the address does not
accidentally get reused.
This commit configures *bw0.pyrocufflink.blue* as a BURP client, so that
the Bitwarden data can be backed up. A pre-backup script is used to
take a consistent snapshot of the SQLite database before copying it to
the BURP server.
*dns1.pyrocufflink.blue* has been decommissioned. Having a second DNS
server never really worked correctly for some reason, and the
maintenance overhead of the Raspberry Pi is just not worth it right now.
The DHCP service has been moved to *dns0.pyrocufflink.blue*.
The Zabbix server resolves *localhost* to `::1`, but Postfix resolves it
to `127.0.0.1`. This causes Postfix to reject incoming mail from Zabbix
with "Relay access denied." Explicitly setting the `mynetworks` setting
to include both the IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses will ensure that no
mail is rejected from local processes, regardless of how name resolution
happens.
*hass0.pyrocufflink.blue* is a virtual machine that runs Home Assistant.
It is dual-homed on the *pyrocufflink.blue* network and the isolated IoT
network.
The `smtp_mynetworks` variable expects a list. Setting it to a string
resulted in each character in the string being interpreted as an item in
the list.
This commit sets the `apache_userdir` variable, which enables the
per-user directories feature. This allows users to serve content via
HTTP by placing it in the `public_html` directory within their home
directories.
Although Apache is already installed on the file server in order to
serve the Aria2 web UI, it is not explicitly included in the
`fileserver.yml` playbook.
FirewallD cannot be configured to allow traffic to be routed through the
system without NAT. This makes it unsuitable for running on a VPN
concentrator. Thus, any role that would configure FirewallD needs to be
informed that this machine does not use it.
The Zabbix server also serves an SMTP relay, to minimize reliance on
external services when sending notifications. Since it inherits
configuration of the relay from the general *smtp-relay* group, it ends
up allowing all hosts to relay off of it. To avoid this, we set
`smtp_rmynetworks` at the *zabbix-server* group level to only allow the
local machine to relay messages.
The VPN capability of the UniFi Security Gateway is extremely limited.
It does not support road-warrior IPsec/IKEv2 configuration, and its
OpenVPN configuration is inflexible. As with DHCP, the best solution is
to simply move service to another machine.
To that end, I created a new VM, *vpn0.pyrocufflink.blue*, to host both
strongSwan and OpenVPN. For this to work, the necessary TCP/UDP ports
need to be forwarded, of course, and all of the remote subnets need
static routes on the gateway, specifying this machine as the next hop.
Additionally, ICMP redirects need to be disabled, to prevent confusing
the routing tables of devices on the same subnet as the VPN gateway.
The DHCP server on the UniFi Security Gateway is pretty limited; it
cannot manage static leases (reservations), and does not offer any way
to build dynamic values for e.g. hostname or boot filename. Rather than
give up these features, I decided to just move the DHCP server to one of
the Raspberry Pis; the DNS server made the most sense.
To facilitate this move, I created the *pyrocufflink-dhcp* host group,
and moved the DHCP configuration variables there. Thus, it was a simple
matter of adding *dns1.pyrocufflink.blue* to this group to relocate the
service.
Of course, to serve clients on the other subnets, the gateway needs to
have DHCP relay enabled and pointing to the new server.
This commit updates the list of FireMon networks to include the Caverns
Production (172.16.0.0/24) and Caverns Admin (172.24.16.0/20) networks.
This is necessary to ensure OpenVPN routes are created for these
networks.
The *aria2* role installs the *aria2* download manager and sets it up to
run as a system service with RPC enabled. It also sets up the web UI,
though that must be installed manually from an archive, for now.
In order to support adding a second DNS server, the BIND zone
configuration needs to be partially modularized. While the forwarder
definitions for *pyrocufflink.blue*, etc. will remain the same, the
*pyrocufflink.red* zone will be different, as it will be a slave zone on
the second server. This commit breaks up the definition of the
`named_zones` variable into two parts:
* `pyrocufflink_red_zones`: This is a list of zone objects for
*pyrocufflink.red* and its corresponding reverse zone. On
*dns1.pyrocufflink.blue*, these are master zones. On the new server,
these will be slaves.
* `pyrocufflink_common_zones`: This is a list of zone objects for the
zones that are the same on both servers, since they are all forwarding
zones.
Similarly, the `named_keys` variable only needs to be defined on the
master, since DHCP will only send updates there.
*file0.pyrocufflink.blue* hosts syncthing. Forwarding the transport is
not strictly required, as syncthing can use relays to encapsulate
traffic in HTTPS, but allowing direct access improves performance.
The `burp-client.yml` and `burp-server.yml` playbooks apply the
*burp-client* and *burp-server* roles to BURP clients and servers,
respectively. The server playbook also applies the *postfix* role to
ensure that SMTP is configured and backup notifications can be sent.
Usually, the *samba* role is deployed as a dependency of the *winbind*
role, which explicitly sets `samba_security` to `ads`. The new
*fileserver* role also depends on the *samba* role, but it does NOT sett
that variable. This can cause `smb.conf` to be rewritten with a
different value whenever one or the other role is applied.
Explicitly setting the `samba_security` variable at the group level
ensures that the value is consistent no matter how the *samba* role is
applied. Since all domain member machines need the same value,
regardless of what function they perform, this is safe.
The UniFi controller has been moved to a Raspberry Pi on the Management
network. This machine needs a static address to use in the "inform URL"
it sends to managed devices.
The Management network (VLAN 10, 172.30.0.240/28) will be used for
communication with and configuration of network devices including
switches and access points. This keeps configuration separate from
normal traffic, and allows complete isolation of infrastructure devices.
Converting the *pyrocufflink* group variables definition from a file to
a directory will allow Jenkins jobs to place a Vault-envrypted file
within it that defines the `ansible_become_password` variable. In this
way, a different password can be used for machines that are members of
the *pyrocufflink.blue* domain than for other hosts. The existing
mechanism of specifying the path to the Vault-encrypted file that
defines the variable allows only a single password to be defined, so it
does not work when multiple machines in the same play have different
passwords.
Since Gitea servers may be exposed directly to the Internet, it is
important to prevent SSH tunneling, lest the server become an ingress
point into the network.
Additionally, the *gitea* user should not be allowed to use password
authentication, as this would only work if the user actually has a
password (which it does not) and would result in shell access instead of
Gitea.
This commit adjusts the firewall and networking configuration on dc0 to
host the Pyrocufflink remote access IPsec VPN locally instead of
forwarding it to the internal VPN server.
The host *zbx0.pyrocufflink.blue* (a Raspberry Pi) runs the Zabbix
server and web UI. It has a reserved IPv4 address to simplify reverse
DNS management for now, since Samba's dynamic DNS client does not
register PTR records.
These IPv6 reverse DNS zones are managed by the Samba AD DCs for the
*pyrocufflink.blue* domain. These zones correspond to the IPv6 prefixes
used by the "blue" network.
Connection Tracking does not work for DHCP messages, since many are
broadcast. As such, the firewall must explicitly allow datagrams
destined for the DHCP client port.
For internal services, particularly DNS, it is easier to use a ULA
prefix than rely exclusively on routed addresses, since these can change
relatively frequently.
Instead of listing the addresses for DNS and NTP servers again in the
DHCP server configuration, these are now taken from the canonical
definitions in the `dch_networks` variable.
The *filter* table is responsible for deciding which packets will be
accepted and which will be rejected. It has three chains, which classify
packets according to whether they are destined for the local machine
(input), passing through this machine (forward) or originating from the
local machine (output).
The *dch-gw* role now configures all three chains in this table. For
now, it defines basic rules, mostly based on TCP/UDP destination port:
* Traffic destined for a service hosted by the local machine (DNS, DHCP,
SSH), is allowed if it does not come from the Internet
* Traffic passing through the machine is allowed if:
* It is passing between internal networks
* It is destined for a host on the FireMon network (VPN)
* It was NATed to in internal host (marked 323)
* It is destined for the Internet
* Only DHCP, HTTP, and DNS are allowed to originate from the local
machine
This configuration requires an `internet_iface` variable, which
indicates the name of the network interface connected to the Internet
directly.
The *samba-dc* role now configures `winbindd` on domain controllers to
support identity mapping on the local machine. This will allow domain
users to log into the domain controller itself, e.g. via SSH.
The Fedora packaging of *samba4* still has some warts. Specifically, it
does not have a proper SELinux policy, so some work-arounds need to be
put into place in order for confined processes to communicate with
winbind.
The BIND9_DLZ plugin turned out to be pretty flaky. It craps out
whenever `named` is reloaded, which seems to happen occasionally for
reasons I cannot identify. Combined with the weird SELinux issues, and
the fact that upstream recommends against it anyway, I decided to just
use the built-in DNS server in Samba.
Dustin